AI-enabled misconduct and corporate criminal liability in Arab jurisdictions: Offence design, evidence, and cross-border enforcement

The research examines the regulation and enforcement of corporate criminal liability in artificial intelligence (AI) facilitated illegal activities in the five Arab countries UAE, Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Egypt, and Morocco. The study assesses the cumulative effect of company law, governance structures, cybercrime laws, and rules of evidence on the processes of attribution, supervision, and accountability with regard to technology crime. Using a triangulation research methodology that combines doctrinal analysis with qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, this paper compares Arab laws with those in the European Union (EU), the USA, Singapore, and Italy to argue that there are divergent rules on corporate liability; that there is no significant recognition of the use of compliance programs as sentencing factors; and that there are lax rules on managing digital evidence and neuroscience evidence across national borders. The paper recommends the use of criminal risk management by company boards in Arab countries to mitigate these challenges and provides legislative measures that will codify crimes committed by AI technology; improve evidence management processes; and standardize enforcement across national borders (Morshed, 2025a).