Artificial intelligence in criminal justice governance: Opportunities and legal challenges (A comparative study)

This article examines the opportunities and challenges of artificial intelligence (AI) in predictive policing and criminal justice, with a comparative analysis of applications in France, the UAE, and the UK. These technologies span crime prevention, evidence collection, and judicial decision-making. Adopting a comparative theoretical legal approach, the study analyzes relevant legal frameworks to determine their adequacy. While AI enhances law enforcement efficiency, it raises significant concerns regarding privacy, procedural justice, and evidence integrity. The findings emphasize that integrating AI into justice systems requires precise legal regulation to balance technological innovation with constitutional rights. The study concludes that establishing clear definitions for predictive justice and ensuring the legitimacy of AI-generated evidence are essential. Furthermore, AI integration must adhere to principles of transparency and accountability, supported by continuous auditing and judicial oversight. Ultimately, this paper proposes a normative analytical framework that aligns AI innovation with fundamental rights and the rule of law.