Risk factors and interventions for pediatric allergic diseases: an umbrella review

Background: The global burden of pediatric allergic diseases continues to rise. However, clinical and public health decisions remain guided by an extensive yet fragmented evidence base characterized by substantial uncertainty, hindering the development of effective preventive and therapeutic strategies. Objective: To address this evidence gap, we conducted a comprehensive umbrella review to establish a hierarchically structured evidence map of all reported risk factors and interventions for pediatric allergic diseases. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (published up to February 23, 2025) on risk factors or interventions for core pediatric allergic conditions. Methodological quality was assessed using AMSTAR 2. Statistically significant associations ( p