A Systematic Review of Dynamic Line Rating Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Findings

Reliability of the transmission system is often questionable due to congestion, renewable energy resource integration, and market operations between neighboring countries. These issues require managing existing assets by balancing the system and, more commonly, by adding new power lines or transformers, which have high costs for transmission operators as well as environmental and social impacts on the landscape. A relatively new and modern method to address these challenges is Dynamic Line Rating (DLR). By on site sensing or forecast based modeling, DLR gathers weather data, mechanical information of conductors, and conductor temperature in order to allow power lines to operate not only at a fixed ampacity limit but also depending on actual weather conditions. In this way, costs of new assets be avoided, wind curtailment can be reduced, and congestion can be alleviated. In this paper, a systematic literature review of on site DLR tools installations, forecasting methods, and the opportunities and challenges of the DLR model has been conducted. Weather condition unpredictability, social and environmental safety from mechanical sag, and renewable energy opportunities have been analyzed. Other technical methods and impacts have been reviewed as well. The results indicate that DLR is a valuable tool for system operators to manage congestion, support market dispatch, integrate renewable energy, and reduce costs from new projects. However, challenges such as calculation errors, weather unpredictability, and socio-environmental safety require further study and improvement before wider deployment.