Generation and Transformation of Nonlinear Internal Waves in the Kara Gates Strait, Arctic Ocean

In this study, we investigate the diverse mechanisms underlying the generation of nonlinear internal waves (NLIWs) through the complex transformation of tidal energy. The research is focused on the Kara Gates Strait, the largest strait within the Novaya Zemlya archipelago, situated at 70.5° N and characterized by intense tidal dynamics. We conducted in situ measurements at various locations within the strait, complemented by analyses of data derived from the updated Arc2kmTM tidal model and radar observations of the ocean surface informed by prior research. Our findings are based on a dataset that is both internally consistent and indicative of distinct internal solitary wave generation mechanisms operating in different regions of the strait and during varying phases of the spring-neap tidal cycle. Notably, the differential genesis of short-period oscillations results in a range of spatial and vertical characteristics, which are expected to influence mixing processes within the strait’s water column. Although our study area is limited to Kara Gates Strait, we posit that analogous situation may exist in other Arctic regions, as the mechanisms identified are not strictly tied to specific geographic features.