How Ashkenazi Origins Were Mis-modeled: Southern Italian Ancestry, Proxy Bias, and the Illusion of Levantine Intermediacy

Part I. Reference Population Bias and the Illusion of Genetic Intermediacy 3 Part II.Reassessment of Ashkenazi Y-Chromosomal Structure 8 Part III.Autosomal Structure and Southern European Affinity 15 Part IV.Convergent Autosomal Modeling and Independent Constraints 18 Part V. Integrated Synthesis and Implications for Models of Ashkenazi Origins 21 Part VI.Historical Geography of Jewish Settlement in Southern Italy, Sicily, and the Central Mediterranean 24 Part VII.Independent qpAdm and FST Results with Non-Modern G25 Validation 27 Part VIII.Conclusions: Southern Italian Origins and Proxy Bias in Levantine, Northern Italian, Tuscan, and Sardinian Reference Models 33 References 35