Effects of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists (GLP-1RAs) on Endometriosis Symptoms Management and Quality of Life: An International Survey Study

Objective To characterize patterns of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) use and their perceived effects on endometriosis-related symptoms, quality of life, treatment burden, and symptom recurrence following discontinuation. Design International, anonymous, cross-sectional survey study. Setting Online survey distributed through endometriosis advocacy platforms, social media, and clinical networks. Population or Sample Individuals aged 18–55 years, assigned female at birth, with confirmed or suspected endometriosis and current or prior GLP-1RA use. Methods Participants completed a structured questionnaire capturing demographic and clinical characteristics, GLP-1RA type and duration, side effects, and perceived symptom changes using a 7-point Global Rating of Change scale (−3 = significant worsening to +3 = significant improvement). Within-subject changes in symptoms, body weight, and treatment utilization were analyzed using paired and one-sample t tests. Associations between percentage weight change and symptom improvement were explored using Spearman correlation. Open-ended responses were analyzed using structured content analysis. Main Outcome Measures Self-reported changes in endometriosis-related pain, gastrointestinal and menstrual symptoms, quality of life, treatment burden, and symptom recurrence after discontinuation. Results Of 186 respondents, 161 met inclusion criteria (mean age 35.8 ± 6.8 years). Most used semaglutide (75.2%) or tirzepatide (19.9%). Significant weight reduction was observed (mean difference 12.07 kg; p < 0.001). Overall, 64.6% reported improvement in at least one endometriosis-related symptom, and 33.7% reported complete resolution of at least one symptom. Significant improvements were observed in pelvic pain, bloating, lower back pain, and multiple quality-of-life domains (all p < 0.001). Greater weight loss correlated with greater improvement in overall quality of life (ρ = 0.443, p < 0.001). Medication and alternative therapy use decreased significantly (both p < 0.001). Among those who discontinued therapy, 60.3% reported symptom recurrence. Conclusions GLP-1RA use was associated with self-reported improvements in symptom burden and quality of life, with recurrence after discontinuation suggesting sustained benefit may require ongoing therapy. Prospective studies are warranted to evaluate GLP-1RAs as adjunctive treatments in endometriosis.