The origin of the Poynting flux associated with transient luminous events

During the observation campaign of January 2023 from South Africa, 9 Transient Luminous Events (TLE) were recorded by monochrome TV camera and uniquely 6-axis electric and magnetic field sensors. For the first time, simultaneous observations of the azimuth angles of arrival calculated for the parent positive lightning discharge location, the associated TLE optical photon flux, and the six-axis radio wave electromagnetic Poynting vector are combined. In all cases, the TLEs did not occur directly above the initiating lightning strike and with sufficient horizontal displacement to allow unambiguous discrimination of the azimuth angle of arrival. The dominant electromagnetic Poynting flux clearly came from the direction of the TLE parent lightning strike.