Comprehensive Special Economic Zones and the Circular Economy Model: Opportunities for Georgia

Georgia occupies an increasingly important position in regional connectivity networks but its future competitiveness depends on shifting from commodity exports to high-value, green industries. This paper shows how transforming Georgia’s aging free industrial zones into large, integrated, comprehensive special economic zones incorporating circular economy principles can accelerate industrial upgrading, job creation, and alignment with European Union environmental standards. Drawing on proven global models, the authors outline how closed-loop systems, green infrastructure, and unified legislation can position Georgia as a regional hub for sustainable trade and innovation.