Parameters influencing phenolic compounds extraction from glycerol Inula viscosa flowers extracts

Extracts from Inula viscosa flowers contain a wide spectrum of antioxidants, spanning various chemical classes and forms, which offer multiple therapeutic benefits for human health. This study aimed to optimize the extraction of phenolic compounds from local Inula viscosa flowers via glycerol maceration. The effects of four concentrations (1, 2.5, 4, and 5.5 g) of solid material per 100mL of solvent, extraction durations (10 and 20 h), and temperatures (65 and 85?C) were evaluated regarding their impact on total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (AA). Antioxidant activity was determined using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, and total phenolic content was quantified using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Optimized parameters for maximum total phenolic recovery (1.98 ? 0.1a g/100g) and antioxidant activity (82.7 ? 4.09a%) were established at 65?C for 10 h, using a concentration of 5.5 g/100mL. The total phenolic content remained statistically stable despite the increase in extraction time at a 5.5 g/100mL ratio. A significant decline in Antioxidant activity was observed with increasing temperature from 65 to 85?C. These findings confirm that glycerol-based extraction under optimized conditions effectively leverages the antioxidant potential of Inula viscosa flowers, positioning it as a renewable source of natural compounds for nutraceutical applications.