Kant’s critique of theodicy

In this paper, we analyze Kant?s late essay ?On the Miscarriage of All Philosophical Trials in Theodicy? and compare it with his Lectures on the Philosophical Doctrine of Religion, which represent an important expression of the transitional phase between his pre-critical and critical thinking. Special attention will also be given to Leibniz?s theodicy, considering its influence on Kant?s reflections regarding the relationship between God and the existence of evil. After the introductory considerations, we will examine in detail the nine doctrinal theodicies that Kant explicitly rejects before turning to his notion of an ?authentic? theodicy. We will argue that Kant does not attempt to solve the problem of evil within the bounds of speculative reason but instead adopts a position of agnosticism grounded in moral sincerity and in faith rooted in the postulates of practical reason.