Income Statement Expense Disaggregation

ABSTRACT The FASB recently issued ASU 2024-03, which requires disaggregation of significant expenses, like cost of goods sold (COGS) and selling, general, and administrative (SG&A) expenses. Proponents argue disaggregation will improve decision usefulness, whereas opponents suggest the information will be costly and provide little value. We provide large-sample evidence on the pre-ASU state of expense disaggregation, analyze whether it appears to provide decision-useful information, and explore differences across disaggregation components. Our findings suggest that disaggregation is relatively common, increasing over time, and correlated with demand for disclosure, disclosure incentives, and firm economics. Further, our evidence is consistent with COGS, but not SG&A, disaggregation providing decision-useful information for investors and analysts, and these benefits accrue via improved processing of expense-related news. Overall, our evidence suggests that not all disaggregation is equal. We also identify novel, large-sample expense disaggregation measures for U.S. firms, which are likely useful for evaluating other implications of disaggregation. Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text. JEL Classifications: G18; M41; M48.