Association of Sex and Other Demographic Characteristics With Hemoglobin A1c in Older Adults With Type 1 Diabetes: Cross-Sectional Analysis of the U.S. Premier Healthcare Database

Abstract Objective In type 1 diabetes, results for hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) sex-based differences are mixed with limited data in later ages. The study objective was to determine if female sex is independently associated with higher HbA1c in the United States older adult population. Research Design and Methods A cross-sectional analysis was performed on real world Premier Healthcare data from January 2020–December 2022 examining adults with type 1 diabetes, ages 55-75. Multivariate linear and logistic regression models were used to determine demographic variables independently associated with HbA1c. Predictor variables included age, sex, race, ethnicity, insurance payor, testing location, marital status, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Results Of 12,088 individuals with HbA1c data (52.4% women, mean age 64.7 ± 5.8 years), HbA1c was 0.13% (95% CI: [0.08, 0.18], P