Endogenous glucagon-like peptide-1 enhanced by vildagliptin reduces triglyceride appearance during intraduodenal fat infusion in type 2 diabetes

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists improve dyslipidemia and reduce cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetes (T2D), but the role of endogenous GLP-1 in lipid metabolism remains unclear. We evaluated the effect of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibition on the plasma triglycerides (TGs) response to intraduodenal lipid and a mixed meal, and the impact of GLP-1 receptor blockade with exendin(9-39) in T2D. Fifteen participants with T2D, managed by diet and/or metformin were studied on three occasions in a double-blind, randomized, crossover design. Vildagliptin (50 mg) or placebo was administered orally (t=-60min), followed by intravenous (i.v.) exendin(9-39) from t=-60-150min on one of the two vildagliptin days or 0.9% saline on two other days. A lipid emulsion was infused intraduodenally (2 kcal/min, t=0-120min), followed by a mixed meal (t=120-150min). Plasma TG levels, quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, increased after lipid and meal, with most individual TGs corresponding to those in the lipid emulsion. Vildagliptin reduced TG(54:4) and TG(54:5) concentrations (each P