THEORETICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF APPROACHES, METHODS, AND FRAMEWORKS IN TEACHING ENGLISH LANGUAGE

The growing demand for English as a means of global communication has placed a strain on the supply of well-trained language teachers. Nevertheless, concepts such as approach, method, and framework in terms of methodology have become blurred, which may lead to a misunderstanding of pedagogical implications. This article aims to define these terms and discuss their interrelatedness in the context of teaching English as a second language. It reviews some of the main pedagogical approaches (such as the Communicative and Lexical Approaches), as well as specific teaching methods and lesson models (including PPP, TBLT, and TTT). Particular considerations include the application of theoretical principles to practice and lesson planning. The study is an outcome of a discourse analysis of recent literature in the fields of applied linguistics and English language teaching. Theoretical and comparative analyses are employed to incorporate methodological perspectives. The results suggest that effective English language teaching is achieved through the situational combination of approaches, methods, and frameworks that meet the specific needs of learners and the learning situation. The paper emphasizes the role of methodological sensitivity in formulating communicative, learner-centered instruction that is appropriate to the particular teaching context.