STUDY OF THE MANAGEMENT OF POLYCYSTIC OVARY SYNDROME COMPARING A COMPREHENSIVE PHARMACOLOGICAL APPROACH AND LIFESTYLE CHANGES

Introduction: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine-metabolic disorder affecting approximately 5% to 26% of women of reproductive age. It is characterized by a complex pathophysiology centered on insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism, resulting in clinical manifestations such as menstrual irregularity, acne, hirsutism, and infertility. Objective: To evaluate the effects of management strategies for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), comparing widely used pharmacological interventions with lifestyle change approaches, and analyzing their clinical, metabolic, and hormonal impacts. Methodology: A review was conducted using specific descriptors focused on pharmacological therapies, insulin resistance, hormonal regulation, and behavioral interventions in women with PCOS. The selection was performed rigorously, ensuring the incorporation of recent and high-impact scientific evidence. Results: Hypocaloric diets and physical activity were associated with reduced visceral fat and improved insulin sensitivity, even without significant weight loss. Pharmacologically, combined hormonal contraceptives demonstrated effectiveness in menstrual regulation with 70% to 90% success rates , while metformin and semaglutide presented significant metabolic benefits and weight loss. Letrozole proved superior to clomiphene for live birth rates (27-30% vs. 19-22%). Discussion: Findings reinforce PCOS as a systemic condition requiring individualized management. The integration of pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies is essential, as they act complementarily on hormonal and metabolic axes. The importance of psychosocial support is also highlighted, given the reduced self-esteem associated with symptoms. Conclusion: Lifestyle changes are established as the fundamental pillar of treatment, promoting sustainable metabolic benefits. The pharmacological approach must be carefully associated according to the patient's clinical goals, ensuring comprehensive care and prevention against long-term complications.