Automatic Extraction of Timing Models for WCET Estimation From a High-Level Synthesis Flow

Real-time, domain-specific processors require faithful timing models for WCET analysis. However, existing models are typically hand-crafted from sparse documentation, making them error-prone and difficult to maintain. This work aims to automatically extract WCET timing models from single-issue in-order processor pipelines generated by High-Level Synthesis (HLS). By deriving timing models directly from the SpecHLS intermediate representation, the models are faithful by construction. Experimental results show that our timing-model extraction process generalizes across diverse RISC-V core variants and yields WCET estimates within 0.48% on average of those from a handcrafted model, on the Mälardalen WCET benchmarks.