Design and Characterization of Broadband Antenna of on-Body Antenna for in- and off-Body Communication Systems

This paper presents a compact, low-profile, and broadband coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed antenna designed for both on-body and off-body wireless communication within the lower and upper Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) and WLAN frequency bands. The antenna, fabricated on a Rogers RO4003 substrate with dimensions of 50 × 60 × 0.8 mm3 , achieves a wide impedance bandwidth ranging from 0.4 GHz to 1.6 GHz, enabling reliable operation across multiple medical and wireless communication bands. The broadband performance is achieved through a combination of ground plane modification and shorting between the patch and the ground. Furthermore, robustness analysis was carried out for different human tissues to evaluate the antenna’s stability and performance in realistic body-loading conditions. The results validate the antenna’s suitability for continuous health monitoring, biomedical telemetry, and wireless body area network (WBAN) applications requiring broadband, low-profile, and biocompatible on-body antennas.