A Newly Permittable Spatially Coupled Demand Response Model for Fast Charging Station Loads

Despite substantial progress in research on the spatial flexibility of fast charging station (FCS) loads, two gaps remain. First, few studies formulate spatial flexibility within a spatially coupled demand response (SCDR) model-a market-oriented model with strong potential to emerge in future electricity markets and to facilitate FCS participation. Second, existing work rarely considers the coordinated scheduling of electric vehicles with fast charging demand (FEVs) and vehicles other than FEVs (OVs). In contrast, this paper explicitly reveals that counter-migration of OVs can offset the travel time impacts caused by FEV migration, thereby enabling imperceptible adjustments of FCS loads. Against this backdrop, this paper develops an FCS load spatial flexibility model formulated as a SCDR model for future electricity market to fully exploit such flexibility. First, the model (incorporating FEV-OV coordination) is built using a “bottom-up” approach, based on the analytical insights into the generation of FCS load spatial flexibility and a base model. Second, the key features of the proposed model are analyzed. Its concise mathematical formulation and clear physical meaning confirm its potential as a newly permittable SCDR model. Finally, an application framework is presented, including an optimal scheduling model for distribution power systems and a rapid disaggregation scheme. Simulation results show that the proposed model performs well in flexibility capacity and cost characterization, and further verify that, under this model, dispatching FCS load spatial flexibility can effectively alleviate local line overload and voltage violations in distribution networks without disrupting traffic.