Conocimiento de la población general y de familiares de pacientes con epilepsia sobre primeros auxilios ante una crisis epiléptica

BACKGROUND: Epileptic seizures are typically paroxysmal and self-limiting events that are frequently witnessed and managed by laypersons. This study aimed to assess knowledge of first aid for epileptic seizures in two groups: the general population and relatives of patients with epilepsy. METHODS: A structured survey was administered to members of the general population and to family members of patients with epilepsy. The questionnaire assessed knowledge of appropriate management and first aid maneuvers during a seizure. It included 16 questions: one open-ended item, eight multiple-choice questions, and seven additional questions directed specifically to family members. RESULTS: Of the 434 respondents, 39.2% were family members of patients with epilepsy. Appropriate measures - such as remaining with the patient, timing the seizure, and cleaning secretions - were reported significantly more often by family members. Inappropriate actions - including placing objects in the patient´s mouth and restraining movements - were more common among the general population. No significant differences were observed regarding patient positioning. Family members most frequently identified healthcare professionals as their primary source of information, whereas the general population cited social media and mass media. Among family members, 51.1% would not administer medication; 62% would call emergency services in specific situations, and 54.5% would do so if the seizure lasted more than five minutes. CONCLUSIONS: Knowledge of seizure first aid was suboptimal in both groups, particularly in the general population. Targeted education strategies are needed to improve first aid training for both relatives and the broader community.