E2F Transcription Factor Family in Cell Cycle Regulation and Tumor Diseases: A Review of Research Progress

The E2F transcription factor family serves as a pivotal group of regulators in cell cycle control, playing essential roles in cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and tumorigenesis. This review systematically presents the structural characteristics and functional classification of E2F family members, elucidating their molecular mechanisms in orchestrating cell cycle progression. Special emphasis is placed on the dual roles of different E2F subtypes in tumor initiation and progression, alongside the complex regulatory networks they participate in. Furthermore, by integrating the latest research findings, the review explores the potential of E2F factors as therapeutic targets and evaluates their prospects for clinical translation. Through a comprehensive synthesis of fundamental research and clinical data, this article aims to provide novel insights into the diagnosis and treatment strategies of E2F-related diseases, thereby advancing the understanding of their critical involvement in cancer biology and beyond.