Simulation of the water regime of two large European Russia rivers under the conditions of modern climate in the term land surface model

The paper is devoted to the application of the TerM land surface model to reproduce the water regime of typical watersheds of the European part of Russia (Vychegda River, Oka River) under the conditions of modern climate. The work evaluates the quality of the TerM model with respect to the main components of the water regime in regional climatic conditions: long-time runoff mean, mean snow water equivalent at the beginning of melting, volume and dates of spring floods in the studied catchments. The quality of the model is assessed by comparing the results of numerical experiments with observational data. To obtain optimal results, a number of model improvements are proposed, in particular: accounting for artificial irrigation of cultivated plants in the process of transpiration, calibration of the infiltration capacity parameter of watershed soils, roughness Manning coefficient for river bed and coefficient of river network tortuosity. The TerM model with the proposed modifications successfully reproduces main characteristics of the water regime in the studied catchments.