Channel Model of Line-of-Sight Radio Propagation by Reflection over Lossy Ground for Cellular Networks
Abstract
In this paper, we propose the radio channel model for propagation by reflection over realistic ground. The formulas for electromagnetic field strength, power density, received power, and path-gain are derived for arbitrary oriented antennas. The results obtained by the proposed model in an example of a vertical half-wave dipole above real ground transmitting at a 5G frequency are first validated by full-wave model results and discussed upon. Also, the dosimetry parameters for human exposure at a 5G frequency are inspected for radiated power of 100 W and different transmitter heights. Finally, the power received by a half-wave dipole is calculated.
Fields of Study & Subjects
Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling
Radio Wave Propagation Studies
Antenna Design and Analysis
Publication details
- Journal / source
- Journal of Communications Software and Systems
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 10–16
- Publication date
- 1 January 2026