International Practice of Circumventing Sanctions: An Experience for Russia

The aim of this study is to identify effective tools for countering sanctions pressure based on an analysis of the experiences of Iran, Venezuela, and North Korea, and to assess their applicability to the Russian economy. The paper uses methods of comparative analysis, systematization of economic data and an institutional approach to study regulatory mechanisms. The author has identified key channels for circumventing restrictions (shadow fleet, crypto assets, barter schemes), and analyzed their effectiveness. It is concluded that the mechanisms for using digital currencies for cross-border settlements and the development of alternative payment systems are most applicable for Russia, while the DPRK’s experience of full autarky is not suitable due to differences in the structure of the economy.