Linking Capital Endowment to Health Outcomes: The Mediating Role Of Health Literacy in Serang City

This study aims to examine the role of capital endowment economic, social, and cultural capital in influencing health outcomes, while assessing the mediating function of health information literacy among urban residents in Serang City. A quantitative explanatory design was applied using structural equation modeling. The analysis shows that all dimensions of capital endowment significantly contribute to better health conditions, with economic capital emerging as the strongest determinant. The findings also indicate that health information literacy substantially affects health outcomes and operates as a significant mediating mechanism linking capital resources to health. This suggests that individuals with greater economic and social access are more capable of seeking, understanding, and applying health knowledge, which subsequently improves their well-being. Despite robust statistical support, the research is limited to cross-sectional data from a single urban setting, which may restrict causal inferences and generalizability to other regions. Future research should incorporate longitudinal approaches, compare urban–rural contexts, and integrate digital health ecosystem variables to capture the evolving dynamics of information access and health behavior in low-income communities.