新技术与方法驱动蝙蝠分子细胞生物学的快速发展

Bats represent a remarkable mammalian lineage, distinguished by the evolution of powered flight, sophisticated echolocation, exceptional longevity, and robust resistance to viral infections. These adaptations have contributed to their rapid and extensive diversification over a short evolutionary period. Extensive research on bat biology has elucidated key aspects of species diversity, adaptive evolution, and the molecular frameworks that confer resistance to viral pathogens. Recent integration of high-resolution multi-omics, single-cell transcriptomics, and advanced three-dimensional culture systems has significantly expanded exploration of bat biology at the molecular and cellular levels. This review consolidates current advances in our understanding of bat species diversification, development, and immunological adaptations with relevance to human health. Emphasis is placed on emerging technologies and methodologies that have transformed the study of bat physiology and host-pathogen interactions. Prospective avenues for research are also outlined, including the development of new animal models and the application of cutting-edge biotechniques. These advances are anticipated to expand the utility of bats as a critical platform for biomedical and evolutionary insight.