Tecnologías clave, desafíos y tendencias de los vehículos eléctricos: una revisión sistemática

This study analyzes key technologies, challenges, and trends in the development of electric vehicles (EVs) through a systematic literature review (2010–2024) following the PRISMA methodology. It examines advancements in batteries, charging infrastructure, energy management, and sustainable manufacturing. The results highlight the importance of battery energy efficiency, the development of fast-charging networks, and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) integration for EV adoption, although challenges such as critical material shortages, limited infrastructure, and battery lifecycle sustainability remain. The study concludes that mass EV adoption requires technological advancements, effective public policies, infrastructure investments, and sustainable regulations. It recommends exploring battery recycling strategies, assessing economic impact, and developing grid integration models to drive the transition to electromobility. JEl Classification: O33, Q55, L62, Q42, R41.