Work experience and leadership in nurses: How the past shapes leadership models

Introduction: Nurses' professional characteristics exert a decisive influence on their leadership style. Previous studies have highlighted the importance of hierarchical positions in shaping leadership profiles, as leaders at different levels of hierarchy face distinct challenges. However, the role of professional experience in shaping nurses' leadership characteristics remains under-researched, both in Greece and internationally. Aim: The present study aims to investigate the relationship between professional experience and leadership characteristics of nurses in managerial positions. Material and Methods: the sample consisted of 500 Greek nurses holding administrative positions as Directors of Nursing, Heads of Departments, and Heads of Clinical Departments, working in general and university hospitals. Participants completed a socio-demographic questionnaire and the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) to assess their leadership profile. Data collection took place from January to December 2024. Results: It was found that professional experience significantly influences hierarchical position level and is particularly associated with transformational leadership. Scores in laissez-faire leadership style were significantly lower compared to scores in transformational and transactional leadership, regardless of hierarchical level. In addition, notable differences in leadership profile emerged between the three hierarchical levels. Senior managers showed higher scores on transformational and transactional leadership, while front-line supervisors showed higher scores on laissez-faire leadership style. Conclusion: This study contributes valuable information to understanding the complex interplay between professional experience, leadership style, and hierarchy level. It highlights the importance of supporting frontline executives and highlights the importance of effective management practices in large healthcare organizations to optimize productivity and deliver high-quality care.