Comparison of imported and domestic antibody kits for immunofluorescence staining of platelets in blood smears

Introduction. The implementation of domestically produced antibodies for immunofluorescence staining of blood smears requires a thorough comparative analysis with foreign well-known analogues previously used in diagnosing inherited platelet disorders. Aim: to conduct a comparative analysis of domestic and foreign antibody kits for immunofluorescence analysis of blood smears used in the diagnosis of the two most common platelet disorders associated with membrane glycoprotein defects: Glanzmann thrombasthenia and Bernard–Soulier syndrome. Materials and methods. To compare the antibody effectiveness, immunofluorescence analysis of blood smears was carried out for 16 patients with Glanzmann thrombasthenia, 10 patients with Bernard–Soulier syndrome, and 25 healthy volunteers. Results. In this work, we carried out a qualitative comparison between domestic antibodies to platelet surface glycoproteins: IIbIIIa (CD41) and IbIX (CD42), as well as corresponding fluorescently labeled secondary antibodies and their foreign well-known analogues. It was shown that the domestic antibodies are not inferior to foreign well-known analogues. Clinical trials demonstrated that the expression of glycoprotein IbIX was reduced or completely absent in 10 out of 10 patients with confirmed Bernard–Soulier syndrome. Among 16 patients with confirmed Glanzmann thrombasthenia, only two (13%) did not show decreased or absent expression of glycoprotein IIbIIIa. The stability of blood smear samples stored under various conditions was also evaluated. Conclusion. A kit of antibodies against platelet glycoproteins (CD41, CD42) was validated. Immunofluorescence analysis of blood smears demonstrated 100% sensitivity for Bernard–Soulier syndrome and 87% sensitivity for Glanzmann thrombasthenia. The samples remained stable for up to 16 weeks at –20°C and at room temperature in vacuum packaging.