Strategies for optimized microstructure evolution during sintering

A novel integrated microstructure model on sintering (IMS) was recently introduced. It deals with solid state sintering processes and includes grain boundary and surface diffusion as well as grain growth. To obtain a realistic simulation, the model combines four established approaches: 1. analytical sintering equations, 2. an ideal sintering model for interface energy minimization, 3. a Monte Carlo model for atomic diffusion processes and 4. a model for particle rearrangement. Compared to a previous version the IMS algorithm has been significantly improved and extended. Among other things, grain growth can now be simulated under realistic conditions and particle rotations are considered. The model is presented in detail. Simulation results allow conclusions on practical strategies to improve homogeneity and reduce grain growth during sintering.