Veterinary euthanasia of dogs and cats in Flanders: an online survey of current practices and perspectives

Objective: To evaluate the current euthanasia procedures of Flemish veterinarians in companion animal veterinary practice. Methods: An online survey was distributed to veterinarians in Flanders (Belgium) through social media, veterinary websites, and email. The questionnaire included multiple-choice, Likert-scale, and open questions about the demographics, veterinarian-client communication, and euthanasia procedure. Results: 512 veterinarians completed the survey. Participants indicated that they (almost) always explain the euthanasia procedure to the owner and discuss potential side effects of the medication used. Overall, 93.5% indicated that communication with the owner throughout the procedure is (almost) always easy, and 76.4% indicated that they can (almost) always deal easily with the owner's emotions. Medetomidine and ketamine were most often used to sedate and anesthetize the animal, followed by an IV lethal dose of pentobarbital sodium. The euthanasia procedure was mainly learned from other veterinarians after graduation. Unwanted adverse effects were generally rare, but a painful injection and vomiting were commonly reported as possible side effects. Several veterinarians reported a need for more education. Conclusions: A wide range of different euthanasia procedures was found, which may be linked to limited education on this subject in the veterinary curriculum. Clinical Relevance: Further in-depth research into the occurrence of adverse events during pet euthanasia is warranted to ensure the well-being of all stakeholders.