Nesting of Sooty Falcon Falco concolor (Temminck, 1825) in Libya 2020–2024

Abstract The geographical location of Libya makes it an important stopover area for many bird species during migration. In addition to its vast deserts, the country is characterised by diverse environments – including mountains, plains, desert oases, and unique rock formations – which attract many species adapted to these conditions. Among the most notable are birds of prey. One falcon species that commonly nests in Libya is the globally threatened Sooty Falcon (Falco concolor) , whose breeding range extends from eastern Libya and Egypt to the Arabian Peninsula. It winters primarily in southeast Africa and Madagascar. Data collection was carried out through field visits conducted between 2020 and 2024 by professional hunters cooperating with the Al-Hayat Organization for the Protection of Wildlife and Marine Organisms, as well as by members of the organisation. The number of observed nests ranged between 70 and 180, with the highest number recorded in 2024 and the lowest in 2023. Most of the data – whether collected by hunters or by the organisation’s team – indicate that brood size typically ranges from two to three chicks. A comprehensive study investigating population trends, nesting success, and the factors influencing breeding performance of the Sooty Falcon is essential to support effective conservation efforts.