Determinants of tsunami evacuation intention in Banda Aceh: Institutional trust, preparedness behaviour, and religious perception

Two decades after the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami, Banda Aceh remains highly vulnerable to tsunami hazards, making evacuation preparedness a critical component of disaster risk reduction. This study examines factors influencing tsunami evacuation intention among residents of Banda Aceh using a convergent mixed-methods design integrating survey data (N = 381) and focus group discussions (n = 35). Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations, and binary logistic regression, while qualitative data were examined through inductive thematic analysis. The results show that trust in the tsunami early warning siren system significantly predicts immediate evacuation intention (OR = 1.39, p = .020). Descriptive findings also reveal preparedness gaps, including low participation in tsunami drills and limited ownership of emergency preparedness kits. Qualitative insights further highlight the influence of social norms, religious interpretations of disasters, and institutional trust in shaping evacuation decisions. These findings suggest that strengthening tsunami preparedness requires integrated approaches combining reliable early warning systems, culturally sensitive risk communication, and community-based preparedness initiatives.