Iodine(III)-mediated oxidative halogenation and catalytic nitration using simple aluminum salts. The full account

Aromatic functionalization mediated or catalyzed by iodine(III) reagents represents an important approach in contemporary organic synthesis.This review provides a systematic analysis of methodologies for the introduction of chlorine, bromine, iodine, and nitro groups into aromatic compounds using aluminum or ammonium salts as halogen sources in combination with hypervalent iodine(III) reagents.The role of these salts in the presence of iodine(III) species is discussed, highlighting their contribution to efficient and selective aromatic functionalization.Reported mechanistic studies, including theoretical DFT calculations, are reviewed, offering insight into plausible reaction pathways for iodine(III)-mediated chlorination and bromination processes.In addition, recent advances in the catalytic introduction of nitro groups under mild, non-acidic conditions are summarized.Overall, this review emphasizes the utility of hypervalent iodine(III) compounds as practical and more sustainable alternatives to conventional aromatic functionalization methods.