Functional Polymers and Microcapsules for Self-Healing Concrete: A literature review

Concrete cracking compromises its durability and increases maintenance costs throughout the life cycle of structures. This review provides a rigorous analysis of the use of functional polymers and microcapsules as self-healing strategies in cementitious systems. A systematic literature review (2020-2025) was conducted in Scopus and ScienceDirect, complemented by a bibliometric analysis using VOS viewer. Studies indicate that the incorporation of superabsorbent polymers and microcapsules, in optimal dosages compatible with the matrix, improves internal curing, crack self-sealing, and resistance to chlorides, freeze-thaw cycles, and corrosion, with minimal mechanical penalties. These systems represent a promising solution, although challenges of scalability and standardization remain.