Sustainability in Photovoltaic Electricity Generation: a Systematic Review on Hybridization and Circular Economy

Objective: The objective of this study is to analyze recent scientific production (2023-2026) regarding the sustainability of photovoltaic solar energy generation, identifying key technological trends and environmental management challenges. Theoretical Framework: The foundation is based on the evolution of photovoltaic technology, transitioning from a technical focus on conversion efficiency to a systemic integration and lifecycle management (cradle-to-grave) approach. Method: A Systematic Bibliometric Review was conducted following the PRISMA protocol. The search in the Scopus database allowed for the selection and qualitative analysis of 30 highly relevant articles, categorized into thematic axes of stability and circularity. Results and Discussion: The results reveal a clear dichotomy in current research: 60% of studies focus on Operational Sustainability, proposing hybrid systems (PV-Hydrogen) to overcome intermittency, while 40% address Environmental Sustainability, focusing on recycling and circular economy to mitigate waste liabilities. Research Implications: The study suggests that the sustainable expansion of the sector depends on the urgent implementation of extended producer responsibility policies and the development of economically viable recycling technologies. Originality/Value: This review innovates by correlating operational efficiency (hybridization) with end-of-life challenges, offering a holistic diagnosis of the frontiers of photovoltaic sustainability.