Agglomeration of Fine Charcoal Particles via Briquetting

Objective: To evaluate the efficiency of binders in the briquetting of fine charcoal particles to add value to this residue, as well as to mitigate associated environmental impacts. Theoretical Framework: This study is based on the theory of particle agglomeration and the problem of fine charcoal particles, which represent about 25% of the material generated in handling and transport. Knowing that the calorific value of charcoal is associated with its size, fine particles are difficult to utilize industrially. Method: Briquettes were produced using different binders (CMC, used diesel engine oil, diesel oil, bentonite, and sugarcane molasses) and dosages. The generated test specimens were subjected to impact resistance, compression, abrasion (tumbling), and water absorption (WRI index) tests. Results and Discussion: Sugarcane molasses (at a dosage of 80% w/w) and bentonite (25% bentonite + 35% water w/w) showed the best performance in the tests. Briquettes with sugarcane molasses showed high mechanical resistance to impact (30 drops without fracture) and abrasion (0.14% mass loss), but low resistance to water absorption. Briquettes formulated with bentonite obtained excellent water resistance indices (> 98%), but lower impact and abrasion resistance (66% mass loss). Research Implications: Two briquette formulations were developed allowing the agglomeration of fine coal particles for industrial use as a thermal and carbon source. The technical parameters provided are crucial for selecting binders according to the usage environment, indicating the technical feasibility of waste valorization. Originality/Value: This work advances by providing a comparative and quantitative mechanical characterization of alternative binders for charcoal fines.