Photovoltaic Energy: Scientific Production, Impacts, and Sustainability

Objective: The objective of this study is to analyze the scientific production on photovoltaic energy, investigating its contributions, impacts, and challenges in relation to sustainability. It seeks to propose an analytical framework accompanied by a research agenda for future studies in the sector. Theoretical Framework: The research is grounded in the concepts of renewable energy, sustainable development, and the UN's 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), with an emphasis on SDG 7—Affordable and Clean Energy. Discussions regarding the role of institutions and public policies in the energy transition are highlighted. Method: A qualitative and descriptive study was conducted through an integrative literature review, using a longitudinal approach covering the years 2020 to 2025. Data collection took place in databases such as SciELO, Portal CAPES, Spell, and Wiley, selecting 10 final articles based on thematic adherence and methodological quality criteria. Results and Discussion: The results reveal that photovoltaic energy promotes economic, social, and environmental benefits, being crucial for mitigating climate change. While countries like Colombia have effective tax incentives, Brazil faces regulatory barriers and a lack of credit lines. It was identified that system efficiency is a "dynamic target" requiring constant technological innovation. Research Implications: The study provides insights for the formulation of more consistent public policies and governance strategies that encourage the adoption of clean technologies in organizations and universities. Originality/Value: This research contributes an analytical framework that integrates theoretical and technological dimensions of recent literature, mapping practical gaps and directing new trajectories for sustainable development in the energy sector.