Solid Waste Management in Hospital Units in the State of Rio de Janeiro: Diagnosis, Challenges, and Proposals for Environmental Compliance

Objective: This study aims to evaluate solid waste management in hospital units in the state of Rio de Janeiro, considering the specific characteristics of the activities carried out, as well as identifying operational challenges and proposing alternatives to achieve environmental and sanitary compliance. Theoretical Framework: The theoretical framework is based on the concepts of solid waste management and classification, with an emphasis on healthcare waste, addressing historical, regulatory, and legal aspects. Regulatory instruments such as the National Solid Waste Policy, resolutions issued by ANVISA and CONAMA, and technical standards established by ABNT are considered as guidelines for environmentally sound waste management. Method: The study adopts a qualitative, exploratory, and analytical approach. A literature review was conducted using national and international scientific databases (CAPES, Web of Science, and SciELO), in addition to an empirical study based on semi-structured interviews with healthcare professionals and managers from nine public and private hospital units located in four municipalities in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Results and Discussion: The results indicate notable progress in healthcare waste management; however, significant gaps remain, including inadequate infrastructure, failures in waste segregation, a lack of trained professionals, and difficulties in the effective implementation of the Healthcare Waste Management Plan. Research Implications: The study provides technical and managerial support for hospital administrators, contributing to the improvement of environmental management practices and the reduction of risks to public health. Originality/Value: This research adds value by integrating practical diagnosis, regulatory analysis, and the proposal of solutions applicable to the institutional realities of hospital units in the state of Rio de Janeiro.