Clinical course and diagnostics of arterial hypertension in children and adloescents at the pre-hospital stage (review)

Aim . 43 foreign and domestic sources on arterial hypertension in children and adolescents were analyzed, including 15 sources from the last 5 years at the pre-hospital stage. Materials and methods . A feature of modern pediatrics is the increasing incidence of arterial hypertension (AH) in childhood. In 2025, the Russian Ministry of Health approved the clinical guidelines «Arterial Hypertension in Children», which define the acceptable age-related deviations of blood pressure from the norm, depending on gender and height, and provide characteristics of primary (essential) or secondary (symptomatic) hypertension. Hypertension is formed more often in children with certain risk factors: chronic diseases, obesity, chronic kidney disease (CKD), diabetes, sleep apnea, and preterm infants. To prevent hypertension, it is necessary to perform early diagnostic screening of blood pressure in children, starting from an early age of development and especially during adolescence, with the possible use of the term «prehypertension». Therapeutic approaches to pediatric hypertension include adequate dietary recommendations, prevention of psychogenic hypertension, and timely drug treatment. Children with symptomatic AH are prescribed angiotensinconverting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, calcium channel blockers, and thiazide diuretics, which are highly effective and safe.