Towards gender equality in scientific organizations: assessment and recommendations

Academies of science, medicine and engineering, along with international scientific unions, play an important role in shaping scientific agendas, recognizing scientific excellence, and advising policy-makers. In doing so, they influence whose expertise is visible and whose voices are heard in science. Persistent gender gaps within these organizations - relative to the share of women in the scientific workforce - raise questions about whether women scientists can participate, lead, and be recognized on equal terms.