The Impact of GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 Polymorphisms on Male Infertility in Basrah Province, Iraq

Infertility is a global health issue presenting both biological and social implications for males and females. Current literature concerning male infertility has been linked to a reduction of glutathione levels in the seminal plasma of men. Despite a growing body of literature on global infertility, there is currently little genetic research investigating the association of genetic polymorphisms with male infertility in Iraq. This study aims to explore the association of Glutathione-s-transferase gene polymorphisms (GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1) with Iraqi male infertility. Single and double gene test analyses were performed to study the differences between study groups. Genetic analysis of the target genes GSTM1, GSTT1, and GSTP1 were carried out. Statistical analysis of single gene testing revealed that there was no significant difference between the control and infertile case groups, considering GSTM1 null, GSTT1 null, and GSTP1 genotype. Further analysis of double genes revealed a significant difference between patients and the control group with the GSTM1(+)\CC (P-value=0.04; OR=3.2; 95%CI=1.1-8.7) or GSTM1(+)\TC+CC genotypes (OR:3.5;95%CI: 1.2-10.03; P-value=0.02; 95%CI=1.2-10.03). Collectively, the results of this study showed that single gene analysis of the GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes showed no association with the risk of developing male infertility. However, the results revealed that the GSTP1 genotype assumes a protective role when combined with the present GSTM1 genotype.