Simulation of Emergency Evacuation in Airport Terminal Departure Halls

To identify bottlenecks and propose optimization strategies for emergency evacuation at airport terminals, this study developed a pedestrian evacuation model using AnyLogic simulation software, with Zhengzhou Xinzheng Airport Terminal T2 as a case study.Pedestrian density distribution and evacuation time dynamics were analysed.Issues such as initial exit crowding and imbalanced passage configuration were revealed.Average evacuation time and median changes before and after optimization were calculated.A multilevel evacuation strategy centred on diversion in key areas and passage resource optimization was proposed.Results show that the initial average evacuation times for Scenarios 1, 2, and 3 are 258.47 s, 223.63 s, and 235.33 s, respectively.Through the application of diversion guidance and passage optimization, evacuation efficiency is improved by approximately 9.7 %, 2.3 %, and 14.4 %, respectively, with the integrated scheme combining multi-area diversion and passage management proving most effective.The findings provide a scientific basis and methodological support for emergency evacuation planning and spatial layout optimization in airport terminals.