Adiponectin Hormone and Body Composition Changes in Healthy Pregnant Women

Background: Pregnancy often leads to hyperlipidemia, increased water consumption, and physiological changes, affecting fetal growth and potentially reducing the chance of having low gestational age (LGA) or macrosomic babies. Aim of the study: To estimate the changes in the body composition of pregnant women throughout the various stages of pregnancy. Patients and Methods: The study involved 250 pregnant women in Mosul City, divided into two groups: 150 healthy pregnant women in different trimesters and 100 healthy non-pregnant women. The cases group had no medical problems, their body mass index (BMI) between 18.5 and 29.9 Kg/m2, and no history of chronic drug intake. The control group was non-pregnant healthy women. An electronic digital scale that included bioelectrical impedance analysis was used for measuring the body composition in both cases and control groups (Beurer wellbeing BF105, Germany), and the serum adiponectin hormone level was estimated using the human adiponectin ELISA kit (Bioassay Technology Laboratory, China). Results: The mean age was 25.81±6.07 for the pregnant group and 29.68±8.24 for the control group. Adiponectin levels were higher in the cases group compared to the controls but with no significance. The bio-electrical impendence analysis showed a significant association between the groups regarding fat mass percentage. Adiponectin levels had no significant correlation with body water mass and fat mass percentages. Conclusion: As pregnancy progresses, fat mass increases while total body water decreases, and the Adiponectin levels and fat mass are inversely correlated.