Exploration of the mechanism of Fuer formula for treating precocious puberty based on transcriptomics and network analysis

This study investigated the therapeutic mechanism of Fuer Decoction against precocious puberty through transcriptomics and network pharmacology. Female SD rats were allocated to six groups, and an NMA-induced model was established before drug administration. Vaginal opening, estrous cycle, reproductive organ morphology, and serum LH, FSH, E2, and GnRH levels were evaluated. Transcriptome sequencing, differential gene analysis, PPI network construction, GO/KEGG enrichment, and molecular docking were conducted, and NTSR1 was validated via RT-qPCR. UHPLC-MS analysis identified 603 potential active compounds in the decoction. Fuer Decoction alleviated pathological changes and hormonal dysregulation in model rats. NTSR1 emerged as a core target, mainly associated with neuroactive ligand–receptor interactions and calcium signaling pathways.Eicosapentaenoic acid and aurantiamide acetate showed strong binding affinities to NTSR1. These findings suggest that Fuer Decoction may exert therapeutic effects on precocious puberty by modulating these pathways and key genes.