Development and Characterization of a Combined Low-Earth Orbit Environment Simulation Facility for Space Materials and Structures Research and Education

This paper presents the design, development, and calibration of a comprehensive Low-Earth Orbit (LEO) environment simulation facility. The facility integrates multiple systems to reproduce the harsh conditions of LEO, including ultra-high vacuum capabilities reaching 1×10⁻⁷ Torr, controlled thermal cycling between -80°C and 120°C, vacuum ultraviolet radiation exposure (concentrated at wavelength less than 200nm), and plasma-based atomic oxygen generation. Detailed characterization of the atomic oxygen flux measurements is presented. The simulated atomic oxygen environment shows a controllable ion/atom energy from 2 eV to 5 eV. The equivalent atomic oxygen flux determined using Kapton samples can reach an average of 4.2×10¹⁵ atoms/cm²/s, which is approximately 115 times stronger than the expected atomic oxygen flux at an orbit height of 400 km. VUV radiation is also demonstrated to cause 79% expedited erosion. The primary research that will be conducted using this facility is to examine the stability and survivability of flexible electronic skins for in-space structural and environmental sensing developed by our previous research. This versatile facility also enables cost-effective ground-based testing of spacecraft materials and components under simulated LEO conditions, addressing the critical need for accessible pre-flight qualification testing. Preliminary test results demonstrate the facility's capability to replicate key aspects of the LEO environment, offering a valuable resource for aerospace material development and space system qualifications.