Design Space Exploration of a Geostationary Satellite Refueling Architecture Enabling Dynamic Space Operations

The current geocentric satellite operational paradigm dictates that propellant should be expended solely for station keeping purposes. This is driven by the desire to extend the lifespan of the satellite as much as possible due to the costs of the satellite itself, of launching the satellite, and of all the infrastructure necessary to keep it operable. Recent developments such as Northrop Grumman’s Mission Extension Vehicle for servicing satellites in geostationary orbit (GEO) call into question the necessity of continuing the current operational paradigm. On-orbit refueling of satellites would allow for the shift to a new operational paradigm, one in which propellant could be made available for purposes of maneuvering, thus enabling mission changes and enhancing debris avoidance capabilities. In the context of this new operational paradigm, this research explores the conceptual design space for an orbital satellite refueling architecture in GEO operating over a period of seven years.