WITHDRAWN: Optimized Deployment of Biomass-Derived Sustainable Aviation Fuels for Contrail and Emission Reduction in Transatlantic Aviation

The aviation industry faces mounting pressure to mitigate its climate impact, particularly from persistent contrails and carbon emissions. This study presents an optimized deployment strategy for biomass-derived sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) to reduce the radiative forcing of transatlantic flights while maintaining propulsion efficiency. Leveraging a dataset of 477,923 flight trajectories (2019, North America– Europe), we identify ice-supersaturated regions (ISSRs) where contrail formation is most probable. A targeted fuel allocation system distributes SAF, produced via hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids (HEFA) and alcohol-to-jet (ATJ) pathways from logging residues, lignocellulosic feedstocks, and Brassica carinata, across 39 major European airports handling 80% of transatlantic fuel uplift. By integrating the Contrail Cirrus Prediction (CoCiP) model with EUROCONTROL’s aircraft performance database (BADA), we assess trade-offs between thrust-specific fuel consumption (TSFC), non-volatile particulate matter (nvPM) emissions, and contrail radiative forcing. Results demonstrate a 65–68% reduction in CO2 lifecycle emissions, a 52–70% reduction in nvPM, and a 6.2–9.8% decrease in contrail energy forcing, with minimal impact on propulsion performance. The proposed framework enhances jet propulsion sustainability without compromising operational performance, offering a scalable solution for integrating renewable fuels into aviation. This work advances propulsion technology by aligning fuel chemistry with atmospheric science, providing actionable insights for industry and policymakers.