A Peridynamic Investigation of Deformation and Damage Due to Multiple High-Speed Hail Impacts

This study explores the effects of multiple high-velocity ice impacts on aluminum targets using the non-ordinary state-based Peridynamics framework and an established ice material model. Various configurations were analyzed, including side-by-side and same-location sequential impacts. Preliminary results show that widely spaced side-by-side impacts exhibit minimal interaction, while closely spaced ones lead to significant shockwave interference. For sequential impacts, shorter intervals between strikes tend to reduce crater depth, though higher velocities may diminish this effect due to momentum dominance. Future work will examine asynchronous impacts and extend the analysis to softer aluminum alloys to assess material-dependent behavior.