Design of Thermally Activated Foldable Bio-inspired Wing for Micro Air Vehicles

Micro Air Vehicles (MAVs) are critical for surveillance and search-and-rescue, yet tradi tional designs often struggle with weight penalties and mechanical complexity. Inspired by the segmented architecture in the Potter Wasp (Antodynerus punctatipennis), the actuation kinematics in this paper adopt the transverse Z-folding mechanism of Coleoptera (beetles) to maximize stowage efficiency. Utilizing composite segments connected by Veriflex shape memory polymer (SMP) hinges, the design aims to achieve a compact structure that maintains flight-ready rigidity. Unlike traditional mechanisms that rely on heavy servos, this design utilizes composite panels actuated by Veriflex Shape Memory Polymer (SMP) hinges to achieve a 56% reduction in planform area. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and isothermal tensile tests were performed for the viscoelastic stress relaxation modeling using time-temperature superposition. Finite element analysis demonstrates a shape fixity of 96.9%, confirming the material’s ability to lock the stowed configuration without auxiliary latches. Furthermore, the study establishes the kinematic framework for a distal-to-proximal Z-folding actuation strategy. By theoretically validating the inertial reduction associated with sequential folding, this research provides an efficient computational pathway for high-efficiency, solid-state foldable wings.